Disavow Tool
The Disavow Tool is an instrument provided by Google that allows webmasters to invalidate certain links to their website. Originally introduced in response to the Penguin update, it was intended to help website operators distance themselves from harmful Backlinks to distance oneself from them, especially if they were purchased by the webmasters themselves or their SEOs. However, Google warns against using this tool only in certain cases, such as in the event of a manual spam action due to unnatural links. John Mueller from Google has confirmed that the link disavowal process can take months to take effect in Google's algorithm (Source).
Mueller has also criticized SEO-companies that offer negative SEO services and link disavow services outside the intended purpose of the tool, as they profit from the customers' ignorance(Source). He emphasizes that many of these practices are irrelevant and that the agencies offering or advising against such services are often making things up (Source).
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